Nkhani za Kampani

Nkhungu ndiye chida chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani opanga magalimoto. Zoposa 90% ya zigawo ndi zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto ziyenera kupangidwa ndi nkhungu. Malinga ndi Luo Baihui, katswiri wa nkhungu, pafupifupi nkhungu 1,500 zimafunika popanga galimoto wamba, ndipo zopitilira 1,000 zopopera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakupanga mitundu yatsopano, 90% ya ntchito imachitika posintha mawonekedwe a thupi. Pafupifupi 60% ya ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu yatsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njira zopopera ndi kupopera. Pafupifupi 40% ya ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto ndi mtengo wopopera ziwalo ndi kusonkhanitsa.
Pakukula kwa makampani opanga nkhungu zamagalimoto kunyumba ndi kunja, ukadaulo wa nkhungu wawonetsa njira zotsatirazi zopititsira patsogolo chitukuko.
1. Kuyerekeza njira yosindikizira (CAE) ndikowonekera kwambiri
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha chitukuko cha mapulogalamu apakompyuta ndi zida zamagetsi mwachangu, ukadaulo woyeserera (CAE) wa njira yopangira sitampu ukuchita gawo lofunika kwambiri. M'maiko otukuka monga United States, Japan, ndi Germany, ukadaulo wa CAE wakhala gawo lofunikira pakupanga ndi kupanga nkhungu. Umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kulosera zolakwika pakuumba, kukonza njira yopangira sitampu ndi kapangidwe ka nkhungu, kukonza kudalirika kwa kapangidwe ka nkhungu, ndikuchepetsa nthawi yoyesera nkhungu. Makampani ambiri opanga nkhungu zamagalimoto apakhomo nawonso apita patsogolo kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito CAE ndipo apeza zotsatira zabwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa CAE kumatha kupulumutsa kwambiri mtengo wa nkhungu zoyesera ndikufupikitsa nthawi yopangira nkhungu zopaka, zomwe zakhala njira yofunika kwambiri yotsimikizira mtundu wa nkhungu. Ukadaulo wa CAE ukusintha pang'onopang'ono kapangidwe ka nkhungu kuchokera pakupanga kwamphamvu kupita ku kapangidwe kasayansi.
2. Malo a kapangidwe ka nkhungu ka 3D aphatikizidwa
Kapangidwe ka nkhungu ka magawo atatu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ukadaulo wa digito wa nkhungu ndipo ndi maziko ophatikizira kapangidwe ka nkhungu, kupanga ndi kuwunika. Makampani monga Toyota ndi General Motors aku United States azindikira kapangidwe ka nkhungu ka magawo atatu ndipo apeza zotsatira zabwino zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira zina zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nkhungu ya 3D kunja kwa dziko lapansi ndizoyenera kuziganizira. Kuwonjezera pa kukhala zothandiza pakukwaniritsa kupanga kophatikizana, kapangidwe ka nkhungu ka magawo atatu kali ndi ubwino wina wakuti ndi kosavuta kuyang'anira kusokoneza ndipo kumatha kuchita kusanthula kusokoneza kwa kayendedwe, komwe kumathetsa vuto pakapangidwe ka magawo awiri.
Chachitatu, ukadaulo wa digito wa nkhungu wakhala njira yodziwika bwino
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chitukuko chachangu cha ukadaulo wa digito wa nkhungu ndi njira yothandiza yothetsera mavuto ambiri omwe akukumana nawo pakupanga nkhungu zamagalimoto. Ukadaulo wa digito wa nkhungu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa makompyuta kapena ukadaulo wothandizidwa ndi makompyuta (CAX) popanga ndi kupanga nkhungu. Pofotokoza mwachidule zomwe makampani opanga nkhungu am'deralo ndi akunja akumana nazo pakugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wothandizidwa ndi makompyuta, ukadaulo wa digito wa nkhungu umaphatikizapo zinthu izi: ① Kapangidwe ka kupanga (DFM), ndiko kuti, kupanga kumaganiziridwa ndikusanthulidwa panthawi yopanga kuti zitsimikizire kuti njirayi ikuyenda bwino. ②Ukadaulo wothandizira pakupanga mbiri ya nkhungu, pangani ukadaulo wanzeru wopanga mbiri. ③CAE imathandizira kusanthula ndi kusindikiza njira yopangira, kulosera ndikuthetsa zolakwika zomwe zingachitike komanso mavuto opanga. ④ Sinthani kapangidwe kachikhalidwe ka mbali ziwiri ndi kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka nkhungu ka mbali zitatu. ⑤Njira yopangira nkhungu imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa CAPP, CAM ndi CAT. ⑥ Motsogozedwa ndi ukadaulo wa digito, kuthana ndi ndikuthetsa mavuto omwe amabwera panthawi yoyesa ndi kupanga nkhungu.

Chachinayi, chitukuko chachangu cha makina opangira nkhungu
Ukadaulo wapamwamba wokonza zinthu ndi zida ndi maziko ofunikira pakukweza zokolola ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino. Sizachilendo kuti makampani opanga zinthu zamagalimoto apamwamba azikhala ndi zida zamakina za CNC zokhala ndi matebulo awiri ogwirira ntchito, zosinthira zida zokha (ATC), makina owongolera ma photoelectric kuti azikonza zokha, komanso makina oyezera zinthu pa intaneti. Kukonza manambala kwakula kuyambira pa kukonza ma profile osavuta mpaka kukonza kwathunthu ma profile ndi malo omangira, kuyambira pa kukonza kwapakati ndi kotsika mpaka kukonza kwachangu kwambiri, ndipo chitukuko cha ukadaulo wokonza zinthu zokha ndi chofulumira kwambiri.
5. Ukadaulo woponda mbale zachitsulo zolimba kwambiri ndiye njira yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko chamtsogolo
Chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri chili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri pankhani ya chiŵerengero cha zokolola, makhalidwe olimba a kupsinjika, kuthekera kogawa kupsinjika, ndi kuyamwa kwa mphamvu ya kugundana, komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito m'magalimoto kukupitirira kuwonjezeka. Pakadali pano, zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka magalimoto makamaka zimaphatikizapo chitsulo cholimba cha utoto (chitsulo cha BH), chitsulo cha magawo awiri (chitsulo cha DP), ndi chitsulo chosinthika cha gawo losinthika (chitsulo cha TRIP). Pulogalamu ya International Ultra Light Body Project (ULSAB) ikuneneratu kuti 97% ya galimoto yotsogola (ULSAB—AVC) yomwe idayambitsidwa mu 2010 idzakhala chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri. Chiŵerengero cha chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri chomwe chili mu galimoto chidzapitirira 60%, ndipo chiŵerengero cha magawo awiri cha chitsulo chidzawerengera 74% ya mbale zachitsulo zamagalimoto. Mndandanda wa zitsulo zofewa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu chitsulo cha IF chidzakhala mndandanda wa mbale zachitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri chotsika kwambiri chidzakhala chitsulo cha magawo awiri ndi mbale zachitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito ma plate achitsulo amphamvu kwambiri pazida zamagalimoto zapakhomo kumangokhala kokha pazida zomangira ndi matabwa, ndipo mphamvu yokoka ya zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepera 500MPa. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa bwino ukadaulo woponda ma plate achitsulo amphamvu kwambiri ndi vuto lofunika lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa mwachangu mumakampani opanga nkhungu zamagalimoto mdziko langa.
6. Zinthu zatsopano zopanga nkhungu zidzayambitsidwa pakapita nthawi
Ndi chitukuko cha kupanga magalimoto osindikizira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono komanso zodzipangira zokha, kugwiritsa ntchito ma progressive dies popanga zida zosindikizira magalimoto kudzakhala kwakukulu. Zigawo zovuta zosindikizira mawonekedwe, makamaka zigawo zazing'ono komanso zapakatikati zovuta zosindikizira zomwe zimafuna ma seti angapo a ma punching dies malinga ndi njira yachikhalidwe, zimapangidwa kwambiri ndi ma progressive dies. Progressive dies ndi mtundu wa chinthu chapamwamba cha nkhungu, chomwe chimakhala chovuta kwambiri, chimafuna kulondola kwambiri popanga, ndipo chimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yopangira. Ma multi-station progressive dies adzakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za nkhungu m'dziko langa.
Zisanu ndi ziwiri, zipangizo za nkhungu ndi ukadaulo wochizira pamwamba zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito
Ubwino ndi magwiridwe antchito a zipangizo za nkhungu ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa nkhungu, moyo wake, ndi mtengo wake. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kuwonjezera pa kuyambitsa kosalekeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo zozizira komanso zosagwira ntchito bwino, zitsulo zozizira zozimitsidwa ndi moto, ndi zitsulo zozizira zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ufa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zachitsulo zotayidwa pazitsulo zazikulu ndi zapakatikati zotayidwa kunja. Ndikuda nkhawa ndi momwe zinthu zikuyendera. Chitsulo chotayidwa ndi nodular chili ndi kulimba bwino komanso kukana kuvulala, magwiridwe ake olumikizirana, kugwira ntchito bwino, komanso kuuma kwa pamwamba ndikwabwino, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika kuposa chitsulo chotayidwa ndi alloy, kotero chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potayidwa ndi magalimoto.
8. Kuyang'anira ndi kudziwitsa za sayansi ndi njira yopititsira patsogolo mabizinesi a nkhungu